Modal verbs

Understand the rule, see it in context, then put it into practice.

67 chapters · 64 common verbs
A1–A2

Modal verbs

A modal verb is conjugated in the usual verb position. The other verb stays in the infinitive at the end: können (can), müssen (must), dürfen (may), wollen (want), sollen (should).

Understand the idea

Modal verbs add meanings such as ability, obligation, permission or intention. They are conjugated, while the other verb normally remains an infinitive. Several singular modal forms are irregular and do not follow the ordinary present-tense ending pattern.

Build it step by step

In a main clause, conjugate the modal in the normal finite-verb position and put the lexical infinitive at the end. The infinitive has no zu. Nicht dürfen expresses a prohibition; nicht müssen means that there is no obligation. Möchten is a common polite form used for wishes and requests.

See it in a sentence

Ich kann Deutsch sprechen.

I can speak German.

Du darfst hier nicht rauchen.

You are not allowed to smoke here.

A useful memory aid

Learn a modal together with a complete short sentence. Compare Ich kann kommen, Ich muss kommen and Ich darf kommen to feel the difference in meaning.

A common trap

Do not translate must not literally as nicht müssen. A prohibition usually needs nicht dürfen; lack of necessity uses nicht müssen.

Sources & how to use this book

Original explanations, tips and learning examples by DeutschLearner, with grammar facts checked against the references below. The A1–B2 labels guide study; they do not certify a proficiency level. Reading a chapter does not mark a topic as mastered. Existing exercises provide the translated examples; no source exercise bank or example sentences were copied.