Alternatives to the passive

Understand the rule, see it in context, then put it into practice.

67 chapters · 64 common verbs
B2

Alternatives to the passive

Sein plus zu plus infinitive can express necessity or possibility, depending on context. Sich lassen plus infinitive expresses possibility. Both allow the affected thing to be the subject without using werden passive.

Understand the idea

Several active-looking constructions can convey a passive-like meaning. Sein plus zu infinitive often expresses necessity or possibility, while sich lassen plus infinitive commonly presents something as possible or manageable. Their interpretation depends on the surrounding context.

Build it step by step

With sein + zu, the affected thing is the subject and the infinitive carries the action. With sich lassen, conjugate lassen for that subject, add the reflexive pronoun and use a bare infinitive. Adverbs such as leicht help express how easily something can be done. These patterns do not all carry exactly the same nuance as a werden-passive.

See it in a sentence

Der Antrag ist noch zu prüfen.

The application still needs to be checked.

Die Rechnung ist sofort zu bezahlen.

The bill must be paid immediately.

A useful memory aid

Paraphrase the sentence with must be done or can be done, then check which interpretation the context supports.

A common trap

Do not add zu after lassen in this construction. Also avoid assuming that sein + zu always expresses an obligation; possibility can be the intended meaning.

Sources & how to use this book

Original explanations, tips and learning examples by DeutschLearner, with grammar facts checked against the references below. The A1–B2 labels guide study; they do not certify a proficiency level. Reading a chapter does not mark a topic as mastered. Existing exercises provide the translated examples; no source exercise bank or example sentences were copied.